About 24 Solar Terms

January

"Shoukan"
Winter, 12th "Setsu". when the sun reaches 285° in longitude. Lesser Cold; Start of cold season.
"Daikan"
Winter, 12th "Chuu". when the sun reaches 300° in longitude. Greater Cold; Coldest days.

"24 Sekki" or 24 Solar Terms are traditional ways of expressing seasons in Japan and China. Each term is defined by the ecliptic longitude of the Sun (λ). For example, "Shunbun" is the time when the longitude of the Sun becomes 0°, and "Shuubun" is when the longitude becomes 180°. In luni-solar calendar era, 24 Solar Terms were also necessary for deciding when to insert leap month. A year has four seasons, and each season has 3 "Setsu" and 3 "Chuu" arranged alternately.